16.   NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN SUBSIDIARIES

Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries in the accompanying consolidated financial statements relate to (i) common units in the Operating Partnership, held by parties other than the Company, and (ii) interests in consolidated joint ventures for the portion of such ventures not owned by the Company.

OPERATING PARTNERSHIP

Common Units

Certain individuals and entities own common units in the Operating Partnership.  A common unit and a share of Common Stock of the Company have substantially the same economic characteristics in as much as they effectively share equally in the net income or loss of the Operating Partnership.  Common unitholders have the right to redeem their common units, subject to certain restrictions.  The redemption is required to be satisfied in shares of Common Stock, cash, or a combination thereof, calculated as follows:  one share of the Company’s Common Stock, or cash equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s Common Stock at the time of redemption, for each common unit.  The Company, in its sole discretion, determines the form of redemption of common units (i.e., whether a common unitholder receives Common Stock, cash, or any combination thereof).  If the Company elects to satisfy the redemption with shares of Common Stock as opposed to cash, it is obligated to issue shares of its Common Stock to the redeeming unitholder.  Regardless of the rights described above, the common unitholders may not put their units for cash to the Company or the Operating Partnership under any circumstances.  When a unitholder redeems a common unit, noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership is reduced and Mack-Cali Realty Corporation Stockholders’ equity is increased.

Unit Transactions

The following table sets forth the changes in noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries which relate to the common units in the Operating Partnership for the years  ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

Pursuant to ASC 810, Consolidation, on the accounting and reporting for noncontrolling interests and changes in ownership interests of a subsidiary, changes in a parent’s ownership interest (and transactions with noncontrolling interest unitholders in the subsidiary) while the parent retains its controlling interest in its subsidiary should be accounted for as equity transactions.  The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest shall be adjusted to reflect the change in its ownership interest in the subsidiary, with the offset to equity attributable to the parent.  Accordingly, as a result of equity transactions which caused changes in ownership percentages between Mack-Cali Realty Corporation stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company has increased noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and decreased additional paid-in capital in Mack-Cali Realty Corporation stockholders’ equity by approximately $0.6 million as of December 31, 2014.

Noncontrolling Interest Ownership

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the noncontrolling interest common unitholders owned 11.1 percent and 11.9 percent of the Operating Partnership, respectively.

CONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES

The Company consolidates certain joint ventures in which it has ownership interests.  Various entities and/or individuals hold noncontrolling interests in these ventures.

PARTICIPATION RIGHTS

The Company’s interests in certain real estate projects (three properties and a future development) each provide for the initial distributions of net cash flow solely to the Company, and thereafter, other parties have participation rights (“Participation Rights”) in 50 percent of the excess net cash flow remaining after the distribution to the Company of the aggregate amount equal to the sum of: (a) the Company’s capital contributions, plus (b) an IRR of 10 percent per annum.